How to Install a Standalone Oracle Database

How do I Install a Standalone Oracle Database?

Applies to:

RHEL 6.x, OL6.x

Contents

• Overview
• Software and Hardware Requirements 
  • Operating System Requirements 
  • Network Requirements 
  • Hardware Requirements 
• Preparing for Oracle Installation
  • Attaching to RHN/ULN Repository
  • Installing the Dell Validated RPM
  • Installing the Dell Oracle Utilities RPM
    • Oracle Software Binary Location
  • Setting up the Network
    • Public Network
• Preparing Shared Storage for Oracle Installation
  • Partitioning the Shared Disk
  • Adjusting the StripeElement Size on a Primary Partition
  • Setting up Permissions for ASM disks using udev rules
• Installing Oracle 11g R2 Grid Infrastructure for standalone server 
• Installing Oracle 11g R2 Database (RDBMS) Software

 

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Overview

This document applies to Oracle Database 11g R2 running on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.x AS x86_64 or Oracle Enterprise Linux 6.x AS x86_64.

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Software and Hardware Requirements

Hardware Requirements

• Oracle requires 1.5 gigabytes (GB) of physical memory.
• Swap space must be equal to the amount of RAM allocated to the system.
• Oracle's temporary space (/tmp) must be at least 1 GB in size.
• A monitor that supports resolution of 1024 x 768 to correctly display the Oracle Universal Installer (OUI)
• For Dell supported hardware configurations, see the Software Deliverable List (SDL) for each Dell Validated Component at dell.com/oracle.

The following table describes the disk space required for an Oracle installation:
  Table 1 : Minimum Disk Space Requirement

Network Requirements

• It is recommended that you ensure at least one network interface cards for public network.
• The hostname must follow the RFC 952 standard (www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc952.txt). Hostnames that include an underscore ("_") are not permitted

Operating System Requirements

• Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6.x AS x86_64
• Oracle Linux 6.x AS x86_64

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Preparing for Oracle Intallation
 

Attaching to RHN/ULN Repository  

  This section discusses hosting the repository files from a local filesystem storage. While other options to host repository files exist, they are outside of the scope of this document. It is highly recommended to use local filesystem storage for speed and simplicity of maintenance.

1. One of the requirements is to have the DVD image mounted either by physical media or by ISO image.
   • To mount the DVD, insert the DVD into the server and it should auto-mount into the /media directory.
   • To mount an ISO image we will need to run the following command as root, substituting the path name of your ISO image for the field myISO.iso:
     mkdir /media/myISO
     mount -o loop myISO.iso /media/myISO
2. To install and configure the http daemon, configure the machine that will host the repository for all other machines to use the DVD image locally. Create the file /etc/yum.repos.d/local.repo and enter the following:

Installing the Dell Validated RPM

Once the Database node is attached to the appropriate yum repository, we will need to install the Dell Validated RPM package. The Dell Validated RPM package automates certain pieces of the installation process required for the installation of Oracle.

The process to install the Dell Validated RPM package is as follows:

• Download the latest Dell Oracle Deployment tar file from
  http://downloads.dell.com/solutions/enterprise-solution-resources/deployment_guide_rhel6.pdf 
   
  NOTE: The filename will follow the convention: Dell-Oracle-Deployment-OS-version-year-month.tar, for example: Dell-Oracle-Deployment-Lin-EL6-2012-08.tar
• Copy the Dell Oracle Deployment tar file to a working directory of all your cluster nodes.
   
• To go to your working directory, enter the following command:
  # cd </working/directory/path>
   
• Untar the Dell-Oracle-Deployment release using the command:
• # tar zxvf Dell-Oracle-Deployment-o-v-y-m.tar.gz  

•   Change directory to Dell-Oracle-Deployment-o-v-y-m
• Install the Dell-Oracle-RDBMS-Server-11gR2-Preinstall RPM package on all your cluster nodes using the following command:
  # yum localinstall dell-oracle-rdbms-server-11gR2-preinstall* --nogpgcheck      

Installing the Dell Oracle Utilities RPM

The Dell Oracle utilities RPM is designed to do the following Dell and Oracle recommended settings:

• Create Grid Infrastructure directories, set ownership, and permissions.
• Create grid user.
• Create Oracle Database (RDBMS) directories, set ownership, and permissions.
• Create the Oracle base directories, set ownership, and permissions.
• Set pam limits within (/etc/pam.d/login).
• Setup /etc/profile.
• Set SELinux to Disabled.
• Install the Dell PowerEdge system component drivers if applicable.
• Set kernel parameters.
• Set nproc for grid user within (/etc/security/limits.conf)

The process to install the Dell Oracle utilities RPM is as follows:

1. Install the Dell oracle utilities RPM package from the Dell-Oracle-Deployment=0-y-m directory the by typing:
   # yum localinstall dell-oracle-utilities* --nogpgcheck
2. Once the rpm is installed, run the dodeploy script to setup the environment as follows: # dodeploy -g -r 11gR2
   
   For more information about the Dell oracle utilities RPM and its options, check the man pages using the command: # man 8 dodeploy  

Oracle Software Binary Location

The Oracle software binaries should be located on the database node. It is important to note that starting with Oracle 11g R2 (11.2.0.3), Oracle Database patch sets are full installation of the Oracle software. For more information on how this impacts future Oracle deployments, see My Oracle Support note: 1189783.1 Important Changes to Oracle Database Patch Sets Starting with 11.2.0.2.

Setting up the Network  -  Public Network 

To configure the public network :

1. Log in as root.
2. Edit the network device file /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth#
   where # is the number of the network device:  
   NOTE: Ensure that the Gateway address is configured for the public network interface. If the Gateway address is not configured, the Oracle Grid installation may fail.

   DEVICE=eth0

   ONBOOT=yes
   IPADDR=<Public IP Address>
   NETMASK=<Subnet mask>
   BOOTPROTO=static
   HWADDR=<MAC Address>
   SLAVE=no
   GATEWAY=<Gateway Address>
3. Edit the /etc/sysconfig/network file, and, if necessary, replace localhost.localdomain with the qualified public node name. For example, the command for node :hostname=node.domain.com
4. Type service network restart to restart the network service.
5. Type ifconfig to verify that the IP addresses are set correctly.
6. To check your network configuration, ping the public IP address from a client on the LAN.

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Preparing Shared Storage for Oracle Installation 

   Oracle Standalone using Oracle ASM requires LUNs for storing Oracle Database files, and Flash Recovery Area (FRA). To ensure high availability it is recommended that you have:

• At least two shared disks to store your database. Each shared disk should be the same disk speed and size.
• At least two shared volumes/LUNs or volumes to store your FRA. Ideally, the FRA space should be large enough to copy all of your Oracle datafiles and incremental backups. For more information on optimally sizing your FRA, see My Oracle Support ID 305648.1 section "What should be the size of Flash Recovery Area?" 

  
Partitioning the Shared Disk

This section describes how to use Linux’s native partition utility fdisk to create  a single partition on a volume/virtual disk that spans the entire disk.

To use the fdisk utility to create a partition:

• At the command prompt, type one of the following:
  • #> fdisk –cu /dev/<block_device>
  • #> fdisk –cu /dev/mapper/<multipath_disk>

• Command (m for help): n # To create a new partition
• Command actione extendedp primary partition (1-4):
• P # To create a primary partition
• Partition number (1-4): 1
• First sector (4096-xxxxxx, default 4096): 

• Repeat step 1 for all the disks.
• Type the following to re-read the partition table and to be able to see the newly created partition(s)

• Reboot the system if your newly created  partition is not displayed properly.

Setting up Permissions for ASM disks using udev rules

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6/Oracle Linux 6 have the ability to use udev rules to ensure that the system properly manages permissions of device nodes. In this case, we are referring to properly setting permissions for our LUNs/volumes discovered by the OS. It is important to note that udev rules are executed in enumerated order. When creating udev rules for setting permissions, please include the prefix 20- and append .rules to the end of the filename. An example file name is 20-dell_oracle.rules

In order to set udev rules, one must capture the WWIDs of each disk to be used within your ASM device using the scsi_id command.

The command is as follows:

scsi_id --page=0x83 --whitelisted --device=/dev/sdX

where sdX is the name of your block device.

If one must run this command to capture multiple WWIDs, one could use the following for loop to do just that via the shell:

[root@rhel6 ~]# for i in sdb sdc sdd sde; do \ printf "%s %s\n" "$i" \ "$(scsi_id --page=0x83 --whitelisted --device=/dev/$i)"; done

Output:

sdb 360026b900061855e000008a54ea5356a 
sdc 360026b9000618571000008b54ea5360b 
sdd 360026b900061855e000008a54ea5356a 
sde 360026b9000618571000008b54ea5360b

Once the WWIDs have been captured, create a file within the /etc/udev/rules.d/ directory and name it 20-dell_oracle.rules. A separate KERNEL entry must exist for each storage device and will require adding the WWID to the "RESULT==" field.

An example of what needs to be placed in the /etc/udev/rules.d/20-dell_oracle.rules file

#------------------------ start udev rule contents ------------------#

KERNEL=="dm-*", PROGRAM="scsi_id --page=0x83 --whitelisted --device=/dev/%k",RESULT=="360026b9000618571000008b54ea5360b", OWNER:="grid", GROUP:="asmadmin"

KERNEL=="dm-*", PROGRAM="scsi_id --page=0x83 --whitelisted --device=/dev/%k",RESULT=="360026b900061855e000008a54ea5356a", OWNER:="grid", GROUP:="asmadmin"

#-------------------------- end udev rule contents ------------------#

As you can see from the above, the KERNEL command looks at all dm devices, executes the PROGRAM which captures the WWID, if the RESULT of the WWID is matched, appropriately assign the grid user as the OWNER and the asmadmin group as the GROUP.

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Installing Grid Infrastructure for Standalone Server

Before you install the Oracle 11g R2 Grid Infrastructure software for a Standalone Server on your system:

• Ensure that you have already configured your operating system, network, and storage based on the steps from the previous sections within this document.
• Locate your Oracle 11g R2 media kit.
• Log in as root
• If you are not in a graphical environment, start the X Window System by typing: startx
• Open a terminal window and type: xhost +
• Mount the Oracle Grid Infrastructure media.
• Log in as grid user, for example: su - grid.
• Type the following command to start the Oracle Universal Installer:<CD_mountpoint>/runInstaller
• In the Download Software Updates window, enter your My Oracle Support credentials to download the latest patch updates. If you choose not to download the latest patches, select Skip software updates.

Figure 1 : Skip software upgrade
In the Select Installation Option window, select Install and Configure Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server and click Next.


Figure 2 : Configure

In the Create ASM Disk Group window, enter the following information:

• ASM diskgroup— Enter a name, for example: DATA
• Redundancy— For your ASM disks, select High if five ASM disks are available, select Normal if three ASM disks are available, or select External if one ASM disk is available (not recommended).

Figure 3 : ASM Disk Group

Click on Use Same Passwords for these accounts & Click Next


Figure 4 : Password

Leave the Operating System Groups to be default, Ignore the Warning and Click Next


Figure 4 : Oracle Base and Software Location

Choose the Oracle Base and Software Location, and Click Next.


Figure 5 : Prerequisite Checks

The Prerequisite Checks are performed& the summary screen is presented. Click Next on the summary screen.


Figure 6 : Installation proceeds

The Installation proceeds. And the Progress is seen in the setup screen.


Figure 7 : Setup

After the installation is complete, the Execute Configuration Scripts wizard is displayed. Complete the instructions in the wizard and click Ok.


Figure 8 : Grid Infrastructure is installed

Now that the Grid Infrastructure is installed, let’s now install the Database. 

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Installing Oracle 11g R2 Database (RDBMS) Software

• Log in as root and type: xhost +.
• Mount the Oracle Database 11gR2 media. 
• Log out as root user and log in as Oracle user by typing: 
  su - oracle 
• Run the installer script from your Oracle database media:
  <CD_mount>/runInstaller
• In the Configure Security Updates window, enter your My Oracle
• Support credentials to receive security updates, else click Next.

Figure 9 :  Download patch

• In the Download Software Updates window, enter your My Oracle Support credentials to download patch updates available after the initial release. If you choose not to update at this time, select Skip software updates and click Next.

Figure 10 :  Installation Option window

• In the Select Installation Option window, select Install database software only.

Figure 11 :  Installation Option window

• In the Grid Installation Options window: Select Single Instance database installation and Click Next. 

Figure 12 :  Product Lanaguages window

• In the Select Product Lanaguages window, select English as the Language Option and click Next.
• In the Select Database Edition window, select Enterprise Edition and click Next.

Figure 13 :  Database Edition window

• In the Installation Location window,
• Specify the location of your Oracle Base configured within the Dell oracle utilities RPM. 

• Oracle Base—/u01/app/oracle
• Software Location—/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1

Figure 14 :  Installation Location window

• In the Privileged Operating System Groups window, select dba for Database Administrator (OSDBA) Group and oinstall for Database Operator (OSOPER) Group and click Next.

Figure 15 :  Privileged Operating System Groups

1. In the Perform Prerequisite Checks window, check the overall status of all the prerequisites.
   • If any prerequisites fail and have the status as Fixable, click the Fix & Check Again button.

• Execute the runfixup.sh script provided by the Oracle OUI.  

Figure 16 :  Perform Prerequisite Checks window

1. In the Summary window, select Install.

Figure 15 :  Completion of the installation process

• On completion of the installation process, the Execute Configuration scripts wizard is displayed. Follow the instructions in the wizard and click Ok.

Figure 17 :  Finish window

• In the Finish window, click Close.

Creating Database Using DBCA

• Login as oracle user.
• From $<ORACLE_HOME>, run the DBCA utility by typing:
  $<ORACLE_HOME>/bin/dbca &
• In the Welcome window, select Oracle Single Instance Database and click Next.

Figure 18 :  Create Database

In the operations window, select Create Database, and Click Next


Figure 19:  Custom Database

Select Custom Database Option the Database Templates Screen


Figure 20:  Global Database Name

In the Database Identification window:

1. Provide the Global Database Name
2. Provide the SID

Figure 21:  Management Options window

In the Management Options window, select the default values and click Next.


Figure 22 : credentials

In the Database Credentials window, enter the appropriate credentials for your Database.


Figure 23 : ASM

In the Database File Location window, select:

1. Automatic Storage Management (ASM) for Storage Type.
2. Use Oracle-Managed Files for Storage Location.
3. Browse to select the ASM disk group that you created to store the database files (DBDG)for Database Area.

Figure 24: Disk Group

In the Select Disk Group sub window, Select the Disk Group


Figure 25 : Recovery Configuration

In the Recovery Configuration window,

a)      Specify Fast Recovery Area

b)      Enable Archiving  

Choose these options according to your environment and click Next


Figure 26 : Database Content Window

In the Database Content Window, Click Next


Figure 27 :Initialization Parameters window

In the Initialization Parameters window:

• Select Custom.
• For the Memory Management section, select Automatic Shared Memory Management.
• Specify appropriate values for the SGA Size and PGA Size.
• Click Next.

Figure 28 : Database Storage window

In the Database Storage window, click Next


Figure 29 : Creation Options Window

In the Creation Options Window, click Next


Figure 30 : Summary window

In the Summary window, click Ok to create Database.


Figure 31 : Confirmation

Click Exit on the Database Configuration Assistant window after the database creation is complete.